Water has geographical restrictions, lack of stability wind energy, nuclear energy has a strict policy of control, today’s new energy, the most attention was undoubtedly the inexhaustible solar energy. As the solar industry by manufacturing solar cells touted are indispensable raw material – silicon.
Made with silicon solar cells, although only a small palm-sized, but can convert sunlight into electricity continuously. This process does not pollute the air, or the emission of greenhouse gases, the energy shortage, the current climate warming, even more valuable. This is the magic of PV.
As a new energy, new materials typical of the two industries, the transformation of solar energy photovoltaic industry where the odds? Guide for journalists to be analyzed.
According to the International Energy Agency predicts consumption of traditional energy will reach 30 million tonnes of coal this year, and the annual increase of 7% will double in 10 years. Energy shortage concerns, the popularity of low-carbon economy, the ecological concept of Europe and the United States and Japan, first to speed up the pace of solar applications. International PV market space for growing, for three consecutive years China has ranked the world’s largest solar panel producer and exporter. From the national perspective, although not many folk photovoltaic applications, but the PV power plant construction has started dell D5318 battery dell Inspiron 6000 battery .
PV market is like a huge “cake”, Zhejiang private enterprises have joined the industry in transition.
The transformation of people jealous, “Pioneer” 4 times the annual output growth of over 100 small businesses a magical journey
If divided by capacity, the province’s largest Jiashan, Zhejiang Yuhui Yang Light Energy Technology Co., Ltd. is undoubtedly the first phalanx photovoltaic enterprises in Zhejiang. It is reported that this year the company up to 400 megawatts of solar components, silicon wafer production capacity of 1200 MW. There are a group of its public data more startling: sales from the company to join the solar industry in 2005 when 50 million yuan to more than 5 billion yuan in 2009, an increase of 100 times 4 is expected to reach 50 billion in 2011 sales element.
It is difficult to imagine, transformation, and this is a middle and lower reaches in the photovoltaic industry chain, to sales of solar cell modules and power systems based general private enterprises.
Li Xianshou CEO in the company’s eyes, success is not accidental. In 2005, the industry shortage of silicon raw materials is quite clear the international supply contract price of polysilicon in 2003 the average price of only 25 U.S. dollars / kg all the way up to 2008 more than 400 U.S. dollars / kg. The global annual waste and waste discarded silicon wafers of about 6,000 tons to 8,000 tons, the output of waste per year from 5000 to 6000 tons of silicon raw materials. Few were aware of this which contains a huge market. To take advantage of low cost absolute, Li Xianshou resolutely transition in silicon scrap silicon scrap material reproduction dell Inspiron 9300 battery dell Inspiron 9400 battery .
The effective recovery, repeated experiments, utilization of the key technologies to succeed: in the current import price of polysilicon soaring to seven 80 U.S. dollars / kg, when the company acquired scrap price only 40 dollars / kg, nearly 40% gross margin, and to The production of high quality solar cell conversion efficiency of 16.2%, is a front-end domestic and international markets at the time.
With the expansion of our business, the company integrated industry chain, respectively, in the province and invest in polysilicon production base in Sichuan. “Factory of Zhejiang put into operation to meet 50% demand for polycrystalline materials, a fundamental solution to domestic enterprises dependent on imported raw material status, greatly reduce production costs.” Transformation of a few short years, this humble beginning, and private enterprises to become world’s third largest silicon wafer manufacturer.
Called “lead crystal silicon cells into the film era” of Zhejiang Chint Group is also true transformation “pioneer.”
Electric traditional industries, without giving up the premise of the 2006 transformation of solar energy. Under the 2008 financial crisis, the European have to cancel the order, Chint has invested 2 billion contrarian product upgrade, the first in developed thin film solar cells. Battery’s first film production line opened in late May last year after the commissioning of the production of cell conversion efficiency and cost 30% less than the first generation of products.
Not only that, but Chint appetite. According to Nan Cunhui chairman introduced the group in addition to existing in the country outside the PV power station in Ningxia, Gansu and Inner Mongolia in the northwest region of sunny power station will be built. In addition, multiple occasions, he also stressed that domestic enterprises should implement local internationalization strategy, “not only sell their products, but to trade in overseas development, marketing, production, procurement, R & D, investment, and all migration.”
Chint interpretation of the concept of the real action is: the long-term bullish on the Middle East market development and radiation effects, to seize the adverse economic opportunity, opened its first overseas subsidiary in Dubai, then in the United States and Germany also have their own organization, the current overseas market proportion of GDP accounted for more than 95%. Last year, the Group’s overall sales increased 10%, 30% capacity expansion, profit growth of 60%, more momentum this year, “Every factory overtime very busy.” Nan Cunhui said dell Inspiron 9200 battery dell Inspiron E1705 battery .
There are many successful companies in transition, such as “Ningbo Solar” PV industry chain and downstream in the overall layout, the attempt “to eat dried juice” profits of the whole industrial chain: upstream silicon purification product line will soon put into operation in Quzhou, solar module production base Ningbo Hi-tech Zone in full swing, the lower reaches of solar power installation and integration services are a professional company, has been in Italy, Spain, built with foreign collaboration and more than solar power. Development situation is excellent.
To printing and dyeing textile Cypress Group Chairman Zhu Bo started as root, first established in conjunction with other enterprise shares photovoltaic companies, technologies crucial break through the lower purity of domestic raw materials, the “bottleneck”, so that crystalline silicon for more than 99.9999% purity. After the first show in 2007, more than 800 million yuan into photovoltaic industry, the production of raw materials required for crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar wafers and solar cells. After the completion of the project, the annual output value is expected to reach 20 billion, which far exceeds the current traditional business of the annual output of 5 million.
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The new material is newly developed or under development, superb performance, some of the material, with more than traditional materials, excellent performance.
As the basis for new materials and high-tech leader, an extremely wide range of applications, with information, biotechnology as a new century with the most important and most promising areas.
At the moment, according to applications and current research focus in the new materials into electronic information, new energy, nanotechnology, advanced composite materials, advanced ceramic materials, environmental materials, new functional materials (including high-temperature superconducting materials, magnetic materials, diamond films, functional polymer materials, etc.), biomedical materials, high-performance structural materials, smart materials, new construction and major areas of new chemical materials dell Inspiron XPS Gen 2 battery .
Today’s technology is one of the main directions of development and application of new materials. Silicon photovoltaic industry is one of the more typical features and new materials.
With advances in technology, industrial textiles and new materials continue to show trends, usage has been extended to many fields. Some special features of the fibers such as aramid, polyphenylene sulfide, carbon fiber, although more expensive, but in environmental protection, energy saving, fire-retardant high-temperature areas are still growing market.
New energy, including solar, wind, biomass, geothermal energy, fusion energy, hydro and ocean energy and energy derived from renewable bio-fuels and hydrogen generated energy. Compared with traditional energy sources, new energy with less pollution in general, the characteristics of large reserves, the world today for solving the serious pollution problems and resources (especially fossil energy) depletion of great significance.
Solar energy is today’s new energy to the more typical and development prospects of new industries, China is rich in solar energy resources, theoretical reserves of 1.7 trillion tons of standard coal per year. The potential of solar energy development and utilization of resources is very broad.
China PV power industry started in the 20th century, 70s, 90s into the mid period of steady development. Solar cell and module production increased steadily year by year. After 30 years of effort, has ushered in a new stage of rapid development. In 2007, China’s output of photovoltaic cells for the first time exceeded that of Germany and Japan, ranking first in the world. 2008, continue to raise annual output to reach 200 million kilowatts. Past 5 years, China annual growth rate of production of PV cells is 1-3 times, commercial crystalline silicon solar cell efficiency of 13% from five years ago, increased to 18% -14%.
Transformation of the “first martyr” of the monument
Funding strand breaks, not survive the financial crisis; not keep up with technological innovation lay in transition; duplication low-end competition … …
However, the “Pioneer” who can not cover up the glorious “martyrs” they lose all the tragic.
See a transition in the “vanguard” of the high rate of return, in 2006, the PV industry in Zhejiang has become popular, originally in machinery and electronics, cement, chemicals, paper, printing and dyeing, textile and other traditional industries, private enterprises have put into new industries. Soon, the whole industrial chain of photovoltaic polycrystalline silicon materials manufacturing, silicon ingot / wafer manufacturing, solar cell manufacturing, component packaging and application of PV systems have the private enterprises in five sectors figure. And formed a pull ingots, cut wafer-based production of Jiashan, Quzhou concentrated area, mainly of crystalline silicon furnace Shaoxing gathering area to the main components of the photovoltaic industry in Hangzhou, Lin’an concentrated area. The number of PV companies from the province’s 60 years ago to now over 160.
Applied Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Zhejiang Sun Valley Energy for funding strand breaks, no choice between a “martyr.” dell Inspiron XPS M170 battery dell Inspiron XPS M1710 battery
Previously engaged by the knitting industry annual output of more than 200 million yuan, Zhang Bao Yang, chairman of the photovoltaic catch up with the trend established in June 2006, “Sun Valley”, just two years, sales have been 2 times the original industry. Many local businesses are also ready to make its driven.
However, the financial crisis that famous for these companies off guard. “As 95% of the domestic photovoltaic products exported to Europe, while the financial crisis, Europe and the United States rapidly shrinking market demand, the domestic market has yet to rise overnight orders seems gone.” Business owners are anxious round and round. In Haining, some PV companies had about 50 tons per month for export, but the year before last October, an order no.
But this time the chapter Po Yang was confident, “Sun Valley” has been far away from the NASDAQ! U.S. investment bank, has signed a contract to invest, the listed audit process has come to this step. As long as the listing survive the crisis, not a problem. Thus, while the immediate situation is not optimistic, Zhang Bao Yang still increase investment, “Sun Valley” on the second line into the device debugging in crisis.
Unfortunately, a heavy blow to hit: Last May, for their listing of U.S. investment banks take the escalator suddenly went out of business. Without the ladder, suddenly within the foreseeable future listing.
This is not fatal. After entering the industry found that the industry makes historical data due for technological upgrading. “2006 Battery conversion rate of 16% very well, and two years later, 18% of all the earth has been.” Zhang Bao Yang said that a production line at every turn must invest to 56 million yuan. Unless profits, or completely unable to stand up on its own. The time period of the solar industry profits have been in the past, the industrial chain imbalance in the balance.
Worse yet to come. Two years ago in September, about 3.2 million yuan polysilicon raw material prices / ton, cells are also very attractive profits. Was looking at business is good, store a lot of expensive silicon, mended, fell to 400,000 yuan last year, raw material / ton. Heavy pressure in a multi-set up only 3 years, “Sun Valley” in the economy will turn for the better day will come when the darkness fell.
Zhang Bao Yang to the only be thankful that the listing has been preparing for, equipment, standards, certification are complete, the “Sunshine Valley” eventually sold to a company in Jiangxi. Even worse than he is, when there are several local photovoltaic companies in transition can not be withdrawn, lose everything. It is reported that the year before last September Haining PV enterprises registered about 10, the second only three years . dell Latitude 120L battery dell Inspiron B130 battery
Fall in the financial crisis was also a civilized gathering area. “This little surprise, dozens of county Mid-silicon materials and supporting enterprise”, the Deputy Director of Guangdong, a venture capital company has this Liufu Hong surprised.
It is understood, which was not unrelated to civilize 601 plants, silicon materials, specializing in the production of this military enterprise several times brilliant, from the first DFH Satellite begins, communication satellites, meteorological satellites, military satellites, the Shenzhou I, II , 3, on the 4th no spacecraft, Shenzhou V, VI manned spaceship and China’s first lunar satellite “Chang’e I” satellite, the silicon used in solar cells mainly provided by it. In 2002, the acquisition of Universal Group, the establishment of universal silicon peaks Electronics Company. None of them thought of the prosperity it brought along some local cement, furniture manufacturers of new industries in transition, culminating in the formation of a civilized photovoltaic industry zone.
Originally, the sudden transformation of private enterprises is directed at short-term effectiveness of the swarm formation, more than 60 Silicon civilized combined total refinery production was 60 MW expansion of industrial disorder, led to fierce industry competition. In addition, the Interlaced Such as Geranium Strictipes , originally made of cement and other professional and technical transformation of enterprises update completely keep up, the lack of strong financial support. Financial crisis, suddenly civilized gathering area photovoltaic industry in the doldrums, even if half of the enterprises in the start is in a semi-shutdown state, poor ability to resist risks.
Speaking of the experiences of these enterprises in Zhejiang Fuxin Photovoltaic Industry Association Secretary-General Shen bitter, he deeply understand, if not the financial crisis, the PV industry will also punctured the bubble, because the foreign market is getting saturated PV, but high Status of return or make Haining, savages and other local governments blindly advocating the new energy industry, causing the market to further duplication of construction, low-end competition, excess production capacity severely, and finally ending in tragedy.
Anxiety experts
Lack of resources, geographical and industrial advantages, at the low end of emerging industries, increasingly serious environmental considerations, where the prospects?
Similarly, transformation of Zhejiang “martyrs” and potential “martyrs” who were anxious vice president of Zhejiang University of Economics, renowned economist and professor of Zhejiang Private Economy Research Center Director Comments on legal.
As a “call silver” key economic region Research Group pre-planning research group leader, Zhejiang investment in new energy and new materials for a long time the status of his concern. How to avoid being in transition, “martyrs,” professor of the history that is not only the company’s own decision-making, government action is also important.
“Frankly, the current solar PV industry is to re-take the traditional manufacturing industries in the old way.” Professor Shi’s example to the Review that the previous shoe leather high energy consumption, pollution in large industrial chain in the country is complete, finished leather for export. Solar current key technologies, equipment is not in their own hands, domestic pre-refined silicon, silicon-pull rods, cut wafer, so the whole process of energy such as batteries, power consumption is quite severe, while enjoying the clean use of foreign links. Now the traditional industries in the production technology, R & D, design, process and other brand has matured, and some even go on the international front. In contrast, the relative position of the new industry more low-end, the environmental and other consequences more serious dell Inspiron B120 battery dell Inspiron 1300 battery .
Despite the sunshine time is long and there is coal and electricity, abundant resources, solar energy industry started early, the development of technology is relatively high, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and other places is still unable to solar power as the main electricity, thermal power add up to only as deep pressure and input power. Because the current technology, performance is not stable, solar power has been marginalized into the final product electricity about 1.4 yuan / kWh, this supplement can not afford the price of state subsidies, the people also could not afford.
From natural resources, geographical location and industry characteristics of view, the development of solar photovoltaic industry is clearly Zhejiang uneconomical. Rizhao not speak, the production process of silicon, and so must be long-range transport of coal, which is equivalent to enchant with coal gas, with high energy for low energy.
Zhejiang best use of solar energy industry is by the edge of Inner Mongolia with industry to produce solar energy products, Zhejiang then how grafted onto the product to an existing industry in the civil process of pushing the costs of production.
Therefore, for a Guo Jia is, the planned economy of the direction is right, Dan for the region, the 积极 is involved in the attitude, rather than regional Kong Jian, regional economic Hai Shi Yao based Yu its own advantages in on that basis industry to upgrade feet on the ground step by step going up. Zhejiang no natural resources, geographical and industrial superiority, if the copying of national policy, regardless of local characteristics, Shanxi was a “martyr” in the typical (of the last century, Shanxi eighties cotton and other traditional industries are thriving in the midst of controversy, Province Committee of the provincial government to comply with national planning and development of coal and other heavy industry, now has become a highly polluting industries in Shanxi coal popular city).
Does not exclude some active participation of private enterprises invest in the strength of the photovoltaic industry, such as Chint, Shield Security, etc. on the choice of Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, to invest, the reason In addition to these regions not only resources, geographical, and technological advantages, the low cost of production is an important reasons, such as they have their own power, price was 0.3 yuan / kwh.
PV industry are generally large investment and long return period industry (a production line would 100 million), related to financial strength issue, the investment threshold is not small and medium private enterprises into the won, and chipping away, only after transformation low value-added industries, not technology, blind imitation, Zhejiang is now to the serious excess capacity when the market mechanism and the government could integrate the shots, not only may not yield the final, and possibly lose everything.
If small-scale private enterprises must PV industry restructuring, new financing through the formation of industrial funds, capital formation and private enterprises to disperse the larger financial capital and then back to the reason the industry dell HD438 battery dell KD186 battery .